Az MI szabályozás zöld szála – fenntarthatósági kihívások és jogi válaszok Európában

Szerzők és előadók

Tahyné Kovács Ágnes

Szekció és helyszín

MI és jogi szabályozás I.
2026. november 26., csütörtök · 09:50–11:15
Dékáni Tanácsterem, Szentkirályi utca 28.

Teljes, beküldött absztrakt

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated significant environmental challenges, including massive energy and water consumption, substantial carbon emissions, increasing electronic waste, and the ecological burden of rare earth mineral extraction. This study examines the extent to which the precautionary principle is applied within the EU Artificial Intelligence Act [Regulation (EU) 2024/1689] (AIA) and explores opportunities to strengthen its environmental dimension. The EU AIA represents a landmark regulatory framework aimed at addressing the risks posed by AI. While Article 1 explicitly includes environmental protection among the values to be safeguarded, the concrete environmental provisions remain relatively weak and primarily procedural. Key articles — notably Article 40 (harmonized standards for energy efficiency and resource use), Article 95 (codes of conduct), and Annex XI (energy consumption reporting for general-purpose AI models) — rely mainly on voluntary measures and transparency obligations rather than binding requirements. A central argument of the paper is that the precautionary principle, a cornerstone of EU environmental law (TFEU Article 191), offers a robust legal basis for addressing scientific uncertainties surrounding the environmental impacts of AI systems. The current Act falls short of requiring mandatory Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) or lifecycle evaluations for high-risk and high-energy AI models. The study identifies substantial opportunities to strengthen the environmental regulation of AI during the forthcoming review period. Proposed measures include introducing obligatory sustainability impact assessments for large-scale models, or establishing environmental threshold values, and integrating sustainability risks more effectively into the risk-based approach of the Act. By applying a legal-dogmatic and policy-oriented analysis, this paper highlights the “green gaps” in the EU AI Act and provides recommendations for advancing a more sustainable and precautionary regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in Europe.

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